Proportion of Skeletal and Dental Components in Patients with Facial Asymmetry: A Cephalometry Study

Objective: To determine the skeletal and dental components in patients with facial asymmetry treated at the orthodontic specialist clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study using secondary data from the tracing of postero-anterior cephalograms of patients aged >14 years 4.2 months for males and >11 years 6.2 months for females using the Grummons analysis. A total of 46 patients were selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The proportions of asymmetric direction based on the deviation of the mandibular menton, maxillary midline, and mandibular midline tending to the left and the right sides of the face were 58.7% and 41.3%, respectively. The skeletal component found in the vertical direction showed a greater mean value difference than that observed in the transverse direction. The mean value difference was greater in the midline of the mandibular teeth than in the maxillary teeth. Conclusion: Facial asymmetry tended more towards the left side of the face than the right side. Moreover, the skeletal component was greater in the vertical direction than the transverse direction. In the transverse direction, it was shown that the left side of the face was larger than the right side. In addition, dental asymmetry was more commonly observed in the midline of the mandibular teeth than the maxillary teeth.

Simulation of Stress Distribution on the Upper First Molar and Alveolar Bone with the Transpalatal Arch and Upper Second Molar Using Finite Element Analysis

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the differences in the stress distribution on the upper first molar with and without transpalatal arch and a second molar when a 150 g force is applied during canine distalization using finite element analysis. Material and Methods: We constructed several models with data obtained by scanning human skulls using cone beam computed tomography. A robust three-dimensional maxillary model was then constructed by assembling the previously completed robust models of the maxilla and second molar with and without transpalatal arch, and canine distalization was simulated using a 150 g force. The data consisted of color spectrum figures representing the stress distribution Results: For the upper first molar and its alveolar bone, there was a statistically significant difference in the stress distribution between the upper first molar with transpalatal arch, the upper first molar without transpalatal arch, and the upper first molar with transpalatal arch and a second molar as reinforcement Conclusion: Stress distribution on the first molar and alveolar bone, indicated by the maximum and minimum principal stress, as well as the pressure von Mises, exhibited a similar pattern. The highest amount of stress was observed in the model of the first molar without transpalatal arch, followed by the model of the first molar with transpalatal arch and, finally, the model of the first molar with transpalatal arch and a second molar.